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  <div class="section" id="interactive-input-editing-and-history-substitution">
<span id="tut-interacting"></span><h1>14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-input-editing-and-history-substitution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input
line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn shell and
the GNU Bash shell.  This is implemented using the <a class="reference external" href="https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html">GNU Readline</a> library,
which supports various styles of editing.  This library has its own
documentation which we won’t duplicate here.</p>
<div class="section" id="tab-completion-and-history-editing">
<span id="tut-keybindings"></span><h2>14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing<a class="headerlink" href="#tab-completion-and-history-editing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Completion of variable and module names is
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/site.html#rlcompleter-config"><span class="std std-ref">automatically enabled</span></a> at interpreter startup so
that the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> key invokes the completion function; it looks at
Python statement names, the current local variables, and the available
module names.  For dotted expressions such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.a</span></code>, it will evaluate
the expression up to the final <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.'</span></code> and then suggest completions from
the attributes of the resulting object.  Note that this may execute
application-defined code if an object with a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getattr__" title="object.__getattr__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getattr__()</span></code></a> method
is part of the expression.  The default configuration also saves your
history into a file named <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.python_history</span></code> in your user directory.
The history will be available again during the next interactive interpreter
session.</p>
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<div class="section" id="alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter">
<span id="tut-commentary"></span><h2>14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter<a class="headerlink" href="#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This facility is an enormous step forward compared to earlier versions of the
interpreter; however, some wishes are left: It would be nice if the proper
indentation were suggested on continuation lines (the parser knows if an indent
token is required next).  The completion mechanism might use the interpreter’s
symbol table.  A command to check (or even suggest) matching parentheses,
quotes, etc., would also be useful.</p>
<p>One alternative enhanced interactive interpreter that has been around for quite
some time is <a class="reference external" href="https://ipython.org/">IPython</a>, which features tab completion, object exploration and
advanced history management.  It can also be thoroughly customized and embedded
into other applications.  Another similar enhanced interactive environment is
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.bpython-interpreter.org/">bpython</a>.</p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tab-completion-and-history-editing">14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing</a></li>
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