晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之，复前行，欲穷其林。 　　林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。 　　见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。”(间隔 一作：隔绝) 　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。 　　南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。 .
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 4.  Security issues of Linux-PAM</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html" title="The Linux-PAM Application Developers' Guide"><link rel="up" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html" title="The Linux-PAM Application Developers' Guide"><link rel="prev" href="adg-interface-programming-notes.html" title="3.3. Programming notes"><link rel="next" href="adg-security-library-calls.html" title="4.1. Care about standard library calls"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 4. 
      Security issues of <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span>
    </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adg-interface-programming-notes.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adg-security-library-calls.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="adg-security"></a>Chapter 4. 
      Security issues of <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span>
    </h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="adg-security-library-calls.html">4.1. Care about standard library calls</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="adg-security-service-name.html">4.2. Choice of a service name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="adg-security-conv-function.html">4.3. The conversation function</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="adg-security-user-identity.html">4.4. The identity of the user</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="adg-security-resources.html">4.5. Sufficient resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
      PAM, from the perspective of an application, is a convenient API for
      authenticating users. PAM modules generally have no increased
      privilege over that possessed by the application that is making use of
      it. For this reason, the application must take ultimate responsibility
      for protecting the environment in which PAM operates.
    </p><p>
      A poorly (or maliciously) written application can defeat any
      <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span> module's authentication
      mechanisms by simply ignoring it's return values. It is the
      applications task and responsibility to grant privileges and access
      to services.  The <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span> library
      simply assumes the responsibility of <span class="emphasis"><em>authenticating</em></span>
      the user; ascertaining that the user <span class="emphasis"><em>is</em></span> who they
      say they are. Care should be taken to anticipate all of the documented
      behavior of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span> library
      functions. A failure to do this will most certainly lead to a future
      security breach.
    </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adg-interface-programming-notes.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adg-security-library-calls.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">3.3. Programming notes </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 4.1. Care about standard library calls</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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