.

　晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之，复前行，欲穷其林。　　林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。　　见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。”(间隔一作：隔绝) 　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。　　南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。 . Prv8 Shell

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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 8. An example application</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html" title="The Linux-PAM Application Developers' Guide"><link rel="up" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html" title="The Linux-PAM Application Developers' Guide"><link rel="prev" href="adg-glossary.html" title="Chapter 7. Glossary of PAM related terms"><link rel="next" href="adg-files.html" title="Chapter 9. Files"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 8. An example application</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adg-glossary.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adg-files.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="adg-example"></a>Chapter 8. An example application</h1></div></div></div><p>
      To get a flavor of the way a <span class="emphasis"><em>Linux-PAM</em></span>
      application is written we include the following example. It prompts
      the user for their password and indicates whether their account
      is valid on the standard output, its return code also indicates
      the success (<span class="returnvalue">0</span> for success;
      <span class="returnvalue">1</span> for failure).
    </p><pre class="programlisting">
/*
  This program was contributed by Shane Watts
  [modifications by AGM and kukuk]

  You need to add the following (or equivalent) to the
  /etc/pam.d/check_user file:
  # check authorization
  auth       required     pam_unix.so
  account    required     pam_unix.so
 */

#include &lt;security/pam_appl.h&gt;
#include &lt;security/pam_misc.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

static struct pam_conv conv = {
    misc_conv,
    NULL
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    pam_handle_t *pamh=NULL;
    int retval;
    const char *user="nobody";

    if(argc == 2) {
        user = argv[1];
    }

    if(argc &gt; 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: check_user [username]\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    retval = pam_start("check_user", user, &amp;conv, &amp;pamh);

    if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS)
        retval = pam_authenticate(pamh, 0);    /* is user really user? */

    if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS)
        retval = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, 0);       /* permitted access? */

    /* This is where we have been authorized or not. */

    if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS) {
        fprintf(stdout, "Authenticated\n");
    } else {
        fprintf(stdout, "Not Authenticated\n");
    }

    if (pam_end(pamh,retval) != PAM_SUCCESS) {     /* close Linux-PAM */
        pamh = NULL;
        fprintf(stderr, "check_user: failed to release authenticator\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    return ( retval == PAM_SUCCESS ? 0:1 );       /* indicate success */
}

    </pre></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adg-glossary.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adg-files.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 7. Glossary of PAM related terms </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Linux-PAM_ADG.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 9. Files</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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