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　晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之，复前行，欲穷其林。　　林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。　　见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。”(间隔一作：隔绝) 　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。　　南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。 . Prv8 Shell

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<H2><A NAME="s2">2. Keyboard generalities</A></H2>

<P>
<!--
keyboard!theory of operation
-->
<P>You press a key, and the keyboard controller sends
<A HREF="http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/scancodes.html">scancodes</A>
to the kernel keyboard driver. Some keyboards can be programmed,
but usually the scancodes corresponding to your keys are fixed.
The kernel keyboard driver just transmits whatever it receives
to the application program when it is in <EM>scancode mode</EM>,
like when <CODE>X</CODE> is running. Otherwise, it parses the stream of scancodes
into keycodes, corresponding to key press or key release events.
(A single key press can generate up to 6 scancodes.)
These keycodes are transmitted to the application program when it is
in <EM>keycode mode</EM> (as used, for example, by <CODE>showkey</CODE>
and some X servers).
Otherwise, these keycodes are looked up in the keymap, and the character
or string found there is transmitted to the application, or the action
described there is performed.
(For example, if one presses and releases the <CODE>a</CODE> key, then the keyboard
produces scancodes 0x1e and 0x9e, this is converted to keycodes 30 and 158,
and then transmitted as 0141, the ASCII or latin-1 code for `a';
if one presses and releases <CODE>Delete</CODE>, then the keyboard produces scancodes
0xe0 0x53 0xe0 0xd3, these are converted to keycodes 111 and 239, and then
transmitted as the 4-symbol sequence ESC [ 3 ~, all assuming
a US keyboard and a default keymap. An example of a key combination to which
an action is assigned is Ctrl-Alt-Del.)
<P>The translation between unusual scancodes and keycodes can be set using the
utility <CODE>setkeycodes</CODE> - only few people will need it.
The translation between keycodes and characters or strings or actions, that is,
the keymap, is set using the utilities <CODE>loadkeys</CODE> and <CODE>setmetamode</CODE>.
For details, see getkeycodes(8), setkeycodes(8), dumpkeys(1), loadkeys(1),
setmetamode(1). The format of the files output by <CODE>dumpkeys</CODE> and read
by <CODE>loadkeys</CODE> is described in keymaps(5).
<P>Where it says `transmitted to the application' in the above description,
this really means `transmitted to the terminal driver'. That is, further
processing is just like that of text that comes in over a serial line.
The details of this processing are set by the program <CODE>stty</CODE>.
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