晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之，复前行，欲穷其林。 　　林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。 　　见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。”(间隔 一作：隔绝) 　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。 　　南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。 .
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# Copyright (C) 2001-2007, 2009-2011 Nominum, Inc.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted,
# provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
# appear in all copies.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND NOMINUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
# WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL NOMINUM BE LIABLE FOR
# ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
# OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

"""DNS Opcodes."""

import dns.exception

QUERY = 0
IQUERY = 1
STATUS = 2
NOTIFY = 4
UPDATE = 5

_by_text = {
    'QUERY' : QUERY,
    'IQUERY' : IQUERY,
    'STATUS' : STATUS,
    'NOTIFY' : NOTIFY,
    'UPDATE' : UPDATE
}

# We construct the inverse mapping programmatically to ensure that we
# cannot make any mistakes (e.g. omissions, cut-and-paste errors) that
# would cause the mapping not to be true inverse.

_by_value = dict([(y, x) for x, y in _by_text.iteritems()])


class UnknownOpcode(dns.exception.DNSException):
    """Raised if an opcode is unknown."""
    pass

def from_text(text):
    """Convert text into an opcode.

    @param text: the textual opcode
    @type text: string
    @raises UnknownOpcode: the opcode is unknown
    @rtype: int
    """

    if text.isdigit():
        value = int(text)
        if value >= 0 and value <= 15:
            return value
    value = _by_text.get(text.upper())
    if value is None:
        raise UnknownOpcode
    return value

def from_flags(flags):
    """Extract an opcode from DNS message flags.

    @param flags: int
    @rtype: int
    """
    
    return (flags & 0x7800) >> 11

def to_flags(value):
    """Convert an opcode to a value suitable for ORing into DNS message
    flags.
    @rtype: int
    """
    
    return (value << 11) & 0x7800
    
def to_text(value):
    """Convert an opcode to text.

    @param value: the opcdoe
    @type value: int
    @raises UnknownOpcode: the opcode is unknown
    @rtype: string
    """
    
    text = _by_value.get(value)
    if text is None:
        text = str(value)
    return text

def is_update(flags):
    """True if the opcode in flags is UPDATE.

    @param flags: DNS flags
    @type flags: int
    @rtype: bool
    """
    
    if (from_flags(flags) == UPDATE):
        return True
    return False

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