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r"""UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122.
This module provides immutable UUID objects (class UUID) and the functions
uuid1(), uuid3(), uuid4(), uuid5() for generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5
UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.
If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call uuid1() or uuid4().
Note that uuid1() may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing
the computer's network address. uuid4() creates a random UUID.
Typical usage:
>>> import uuid
# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
>>> uuid.uuid1()
UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
# make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
# make a random UUID
>>> uuid.uuid4()
UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
# make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
# make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
# convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
>>> str(x)
'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
# get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
>>> x.bytes
'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
# make a UUID from a 16-byte string
>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
This module works with Python 2.3 or higher."""
__author__ = 'Ka-Ping Yee <ping@zesty.ca>'
__date__ = '$Date: 2006/08/24 19:08:53 $'.split()[1].replace('/', '-')
__version__ = '$Revision: 1.2 $'.split()[1]
RESERVED_NCS, RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, RESERVED_FUTURE = [
'reserved for NCS compatibility', 'specified in RFC 4122',
'reserved for Microsoft compatibility', 'reserved for future definition']
import sys
if sys.version_info > (3,):
long = int # Python 2 compatibility
cmp = lambda x, y: (x > y) - (x < y)
class UUID(object):
"""Instances of the UUID class represent UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.
UUID objects are immutable, hashable, and usable as dictionary keys.
Converting a UUID to a string with str() yields something in the form
'12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc'. The UUID constructor accepts
four possible forms: a similar string of hexadecimal digits, or a
string of 16 raw bytes as an argument named 'bytes', or a tuple of
six integer fields (with 32-bit, 16-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit, and
48-bit values respectively) as an argument named 'fields', or a single
128-bit integer as an argument named 'int'.
UUIDs have these read-only attributes:
bytes the UUID as a 16-byte string
fields a tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID,
which are also available as six individual attributes
and two derived attributes:
time_low the first 32 bits of the UUID
time_mid the next 16 bits of the UUID
time_hi_version the next 16 bits of the UUID
clock_seq_hi_variant the next 8 bits of the UUID
clock_seq_low the next 8 bits of the UUID
node the last 48 bits of the UUID
time the 60-bit timestamp
clock_seq the 14-bit sequence number
hex the UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string
int the UUID as a 128-bit integer
urn the UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122
variant the UUID variant (one of the constants RESERVED_NCS,
RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, or RESERVED_FUTURE)
version the UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only
when the variant is RFC_4122)
"""
def __init__(self, hex=None, bytes=None, fields=None, int=None,
version=None):
r"""Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits,
a string of 16 bytes as the 'bytes' argument, a tuple of six
integers (32-bit time_low, 16-bit time_mid, 16-bit time_hi_version,
8-bit clock_seq_hi_variant, 8-bit clock_seq_low, 48-bit node) as
the 'fields' argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the 'int'
argument. When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces,
hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional. For example, these
expressions all yield the same UUID:
UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}')
UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678')
UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')
UUID(bytes='\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4)
UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678))
UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)
Exactly one of 'hex', 'bytes', 'fields', or 'int' must be given.
The 'version' argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID
will have its variant and version number set according to RFC 4122,
overriding bits in the given 'hex', 'bytes', 'fields', or 'int'.
"""
if [hex, bytes, fields, int].count(None) != 3:
raise TypeError('need just one of hex, bytes, fields, or int')
if hex is not None:
hex = hex.replace('urn:', '').replace('uuid:', '')
hex = hex.strip('{}').replace('-', '')
if len(hex) != 32:
raise ValueError('badly formed hexadecimal UUID string')
int = long(hex, 16)
if bytes is not None:
if len(bytes) != 16:
raise ValueError('bytes is not a 16-char string')
int = long(('%02x' * 16) % tuple(map(ord, bytes)), 16)
if fields is not None:
if len(fields) != 6:
raise ValueError('fields is not a 6-tuple')
(time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,
clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node) = fields
if not 0 <= time_low < long(1 << 32):
raise ValueError('field 1 out of range (need a 32-bit value)')
if not 0 <= time_mid < long(1 << 16):
raise ValueError('field 2 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')
if not 0 <= time_hi_version < long(1 << 16):
raise ValueError('field 3 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')
if not 0 <= clock_seq_hi_variant < long(1 << 8):
raise ValueError('field 4 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')
if not 0 <= clock_seq_low < long(1 << 8):
raise ValueError('field 5 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')
if not 0 <= node < long(1 << 48):
raise ValueError('field 6 out of range (need a 48-bit value)')
clock_seq = (clock_seq_hi_variant << long(8)) | clock_seq_low
int = ((time_low << long(96)) | (time_mid << long(80)) |
(time_hi_version << long(64)) | (clock_seq << long(48)) | node)
if int is not None:
if not 0 <= int < 1 << long(128):
raise ValueError('int is out of range (need a 128-bit value)')
if version is not None:
if not 1 <= version <= 5:
raise ValueError('illegal version number')
# Set the variant to RFC 4122.
int &= ~(0xc000 << long(48))
int |= 0x8000 << long(48)
# Set the version number.
int &= ~(0xf000 << long(64))
int |= version << long(76)
self.__dict__['int'] = int
def __lt__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, UUID):
return self.int < other.int
return NotImplemented
def __hash__(self):
return hash(self.int)
def __int__(self):
return self.int
def __repr__(self):
return 'UUID(%r)' % str(self)
def __setattr__(self, name, value):
raise TypeError('UUID objects are immutable')
def __str__(self):
hex = '%032x' % self.int
return '%s-%s-%s-%s-%s' % (
hex[:8], hex[8:12], hex[12:16], hex[16:20], hex[20:])
def get_bytes(self):
bytes = ''
for shift in range(0, 128, 8):
bytes = chr((self.int >> shift) & 0xff) + bytes
return bytes
bytes = property(get_bytes)
def get_fields(self):
return (self.time_low, self.time_mid, self.time_hi_version,
self.clock_seq_hi_variant, self.clock_seq_low, self.node)
fields = property(get_fields)
def get_time_low(self):
return self.int >> long(96)
time_low = property(get_time_low)
def get_time_mid(self):
return (self.int >> long(80)) & 0xffff
time_mid = property(get_time_mid)
def get_time_hi_version(self):
return (self.int >> long(64)) & 0xffff
time_hi_version = property(get_time_hi_version)
def get_clock_seq_hi_variant(self):
return (self.int >> long(56)) & 0xff
clock_seq_hi_variant = property(get_clock_seq_hi_variant)
def get_clock_seq_low(self):
return (self.int >> long(48)) & 0xff
clock_seq_low = property(get_clock_seq_low)
def get_time(self):
return (((self.time_hi_version & 0x0fff) << long(48)) |
(self.time_mid << long(32)) | self.time_low)
time = property(get_time)
def get_clock_seq(self):
return (((self.clock_seq_hi_variant & long(0x3f)) << long(8)) |
self.clock_seq_low)
clock_seq = property(get_clock_seq)
def get_node(self):
return self.int & 0xffffffffffff
node = property(get_node)
def get_hex(self):
return '%032x' % self.int
hex = property(get_hex)
def get_urn(self):
return 'urn:uuid:' + str(self)
urn = property(get_urn)
def get_variant(self):
if not self.int & (0x8000 << long(48)):
return RESERVED_NCS
elif not self.int & (0x4000 << long(48)):
return RFC_4122
elif not self.int & (0x2000 << long(48)):
return RESERVED_MICROSOFT
else:
return RESERVED_FUTURE
variant = property(get_variant)
def get_version(self):
# The version bits are only meaningful for RFC 4122 UUIDs.
if self.variant == RFC_4122:
return int((self.int >> long(76)) & 0xf)
version = property(get_version)
def _ifconfig_getnode():
"""Get the hardware address on Unix by running ifconfig."""
import os
for d in ['', '/sbin/', '/usr/sbin']:
try:
pipe = os.popen(os.path.join(d, 'ifconfig'))
except IOError:
continue
for line in pipe:
words = line.lower().split()
for i in range(len(words)):
if words[i] in ['hwaddr', 'ether']:
return int(words[i + 1].replace(':', ''), 16)
def _ipconfig_getnode():
"""Get the hardware address on Windows by running ipconfig.exe."""
import os
import re
dirs = ['', r'c:\windows\system32', r'c:\winnt\system32']
try:
import ctypes
buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(300)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetSystemDirectoryA(buffer, 300)
dirs.insert(0, buffer.value.decode('mbcs'))
except:
pass
for d in dirs:
try:
pipe = os.popen(os.path.join(d, 'ipconfig') + ' /all')
except IOError:
continue
for line in pipe:
value = line.split(':')[-1].strip().lower()
if re.match('([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]-){5}[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]', value):
return int(value.replace('-', ''), 16)
def _netbios_getnode():
"""Get the hardware address on Windows using NetBIOS calls.
See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/118623 for details."""
import win32wnet
import netbios
ncb = netbios.NCB()
ncb.Command = netbios.NCBENUM
ncb.Buffer = adapters = netbios.LANA_ENUM()
adapters._pack()
if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
return
adapters._unpack()
for i in range(adapters.length):
ncb.Reset()
ncb.Command = netbios.NCBRESET
ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])
if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
continue
ncb.Reset()
ncb.Command = netbios.NCBASTAT
ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])
ncb.Callname = '*'.ljust(16)
ncb.Buffer = status = netbios.ADAPTER_STATUS()
if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
continue
status._unpack()
bytes = map(ord, status.adapter_address)
return ((bytes[0] << long(40)) + (bytes[1] << long(32)) +
(bytes[2] << long(24)) + (bytes[3] << long(16)) +
(bytes[4] << long(8)) + bytes[5])
_uuid_generate_random = _uuid_generate_time = _UuidCreate = None
def _unixdll_getnode():
"""Get the hardware address on Unix using ctypes."""
_uuid_generate_time(_buffer)
return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node
def _windll_getnode():
"""Get the hardware address on Windows using ctypes."""
if _UuidCreate(_buffer) == 0:
return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node
def _random_getnode():
"""Get a random node ID, with eighth bit set as suggested by RFC 4122."""
import random
return random.randrange(0, 1 << long(48)) | long(0x010000000000)
_node = None
def getnode():
"""Get the hardware address as a 48-bit integer. The first time this
runs, it may launch a separate program, which could be quite slow. If
all attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we choose a random
48-bit number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended in RFC 4122."""
global _node
if _node is not None:
return _node
import sys
if sys.platform == 'win32':
getters = [_windll_getnode, _netbios_getnode, _ipconfig_getnode]
else:
getters = [_unixdll_getnode, _ifconfig_getnode]
for getter in getters + [_random_getnode]:
try:
_node = getter()
except:
continue
if _node is not None:
return _node
def uuid1(node=None, clock_seq=None):
"""Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time.
If 'node' is not given, getnode() is used to obtain the hardware
address. If 'clock_seq' is given, it is used as the sequence number;
otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen."""
# When the system provides a version-1 UUID generator, use it (but don't
# use UuidCreate here because its UUIDs don't conform to RFC 4122).
if _uuid_generate_time and node is clock_seq is None:
_uuid_generate_time(_buffer)
return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)
import time
nanoseconds = int(time.time() * 1e9)
# 0x01b21dd213814000 is the number of 100-ns intervals between the
# UUID epoch 1582-10-15 00:00:00 and the Unix epoch 1970-01-01 00:00:00.
timestamp = int(nanoseconds / 100) + long(0x01b21dd213814000)
if clock_seq is None:
import random
clock_seq = random.randrange(1 << long(14)) # instead of stable storage
time_low = timestamp & long(0xffffffff)
time_mid = (timestamp >> long(32)) & long(0xffff)
time_hi_version = (timestamp >> long(48)) & long(0x0fff)
clock_seq_low = clock_seq & long(0xff)
clock_seq_hi_variant = (clock_seq >> long(8)) & long(0x3f)
if node is None:
node = getnode()
return UUID(fields=(time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,
clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node), version=1)
def uuid3(namespace, name):
"""Generate a UUID from the MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name."""
import md5
my_hash = md5.md5(namespace.bytes + name).digest()
return UUID(bytes=my_hash[:16], version=3)
def uuid4():
"""Generate a random UUID."""
if _uuid_generate_random:
_uuid_generate_random(_buffer)
return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)
# Otherwise, get randomness from urandom or the 'random' module.
try:
import os
return UUID(bytes=os.urandom(16), version=4)
except:
import random
bytes = [chr(random.randrange(256)) for i in range(16)]
return UUID(bytes=bytes, version=4)
def uuid5(namespace, name):
"""Generate a UUID from the SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name."""
import sha
my_hash = sha.sha(namespace.bytes + name).digest()
return UUID(bytes=my_hash[:16], version=5)
# The following standard UUIDs are for use with uuid3() or uuid5().
NAMESPACE_DNS = UUID('6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
NAMESPACE_URL = UUID('6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
NAMESPACE_OID = UUID('6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
NAMESPACE_X500 = UUID('6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')