晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之，复前行，欲穷其林。 　　林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。 　　见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。”(间隔 一作：隔绝) 　　既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守，说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷，不复得路。 　　南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然规往。未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。 .
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  <div class="section" id="graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk">
<span id="tkinter"></span><h1>25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk<a class="headerlink" href="#graphical-user-interfaces-with-tk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">Tk/Tcl has long been an integral part of Python.  It provides a robust and
platform independent windowing toolkit, that is available to Python programmers
using the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> package, and its extension, the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#module-tkinter.tix" title="tkinter.tix: Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code></a> and
the <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#module-tkinter.ttk" title="tkinter.ttk: Tk themed widget set"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code></a> modules.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> package is a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk. To
use <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a>, you don’t need to write Tcl code, but you will need to
consult the Tk documentation, and occasionally the Tcl documentation.
<a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> is a set of wrappers that implement the Tk widgets as Python
classes.  In addition, the internal module <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_tkinter</span></code> provides a threadsafe
mechanism which allows Python and Tcl to interact.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a>’s chief virtues are that it is fast, and that it usually comes
bundled with Python. Although its standard documentation is weak, good
material is available, which includes: references, tutorials, a book and
others. <a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#module-tkinter" title="tkinter: Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code></a> is also famous for having an outdated look and feel,
which has been vastly improved in Tk 8.5. Nevertheless, there are many other
GUI libraries that you could be interested in. For more information about
alternatives, see the <a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html#other-gui-packages"><span class="std std-ref">Other Graphical User Interface Packages</span></a> section.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html">25.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter</span></code> — Python interface to Tcl/Tk</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-modules">25.1.1. Tkinter Modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tkinter-life-preserver">25.1.2. Tkinter Life Preserver</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-to-use-this-section">25.1.2.1. How To Use This Section</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-simple-hello-world-program">25.1.2.2. A Simple Hello World Program</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#a-very-quick-look-at-tcl-tk">25.1.3. A (Very) Quick Look at Tcl/Tk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#mapping-basic-tk-into-tkinter">25.1.4. Mapping Basic Tk into Tkinter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#how-tk-and-tkinter-are-related">25.1.5. How Tk and Tkinter are Related</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#handy-reference">25.1.6. Handy Reference</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#setting-options">25.1.6.1. Setting Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-packer">25.1.6.2. The Packer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#packer-options">25.1.6.3. Packer Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#coupling-widget-variables">25.1.6.4. Coupling Widget Variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-window-manager">25.1.6.5. The Window Manager</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#tk-option-data-types">25.1.6.6. Tk Option Data Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#bindings-and-events">25.1.6.7. Bindings and Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#the-index-parameter">25.1.6.8. The index Parameter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#images">25.1.6.9. Images</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.html#file-handlers">25.1.7. File Handlers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html">25.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.ttk</span></code> — Tk themed widgets</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#using-ttk">25.2.1. Using Ttk</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widgets">25.2.2. Ttk Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#widget">25.2.3. Widget</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#standard-options">25.2.3.1. Standard Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#scrollable-widget-options">25.2.3.2. Scrollable Widget Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#label-options">25.2.3.3. Label Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#compatibility-options">25.2.3.4. Compatibility Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#widget-states">25.2.3.5. Widget States</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-widget">25.2.3.6. ttk.Widget</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#combobox">25.2.4. Combobox</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#options">25.2.4.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#virtual-events">25.2.4.2. Virtual events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-combobox">25.2.4.3. ttk.Combobox</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#notebook">25.2.5. Notebook</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id1">25.2.5.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tab-options">25.2.5.2. Tab Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tab-identifiers">25.2.5.3. Tab Identifiers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id2">25.2.5.4. Virtual Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-notebook">25.2.5.5. ttk.Notebook</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#progressbar">25.2.6. Progressbar</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id3">25.2.6.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-progressbar">25.2.6.2. ttk.Progressbar</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#separator">25.2.7. Separator</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id4">25.2.7.1. Options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#sizegrip">25.2.8. Sizegrip</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#platform-specific-notes">25.2.8.1. Platform-specific notes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#bugs">25.2.8.2. Bugs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#treeview">25.2.9. Treeview</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id5">25.2.9.1. Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#item-options">25.2.9.2. Item Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#tag-options">25.2.9.3. Tag Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#column-identifiers">25.2.9.4. Column Identifiers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#id6">25.2.9.5. Virtual Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-treeview">25.2.9.6. ttk.Treeview</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#ttk-styling">25.2.10. Ttk Styling</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.ttk.html#layouts">25.2.10.1. Layouts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html">25.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.tix</span></code> — Extension widgets for Tk</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#using-tix">25.3.1. Using Tix</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tix-widgets">25.3.2. Tix Widgets</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#basic-widgets">25.3.2.1. Basic Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#file-selectors">25.3.2.2. File Selectors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#hierarchical-listbox">25.3.2.3. Hierarchical ListBox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tabular-listbox">25.3.2.4. Tabular ListBox</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#manager-widgets">25.3.2.5. Manager Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#image-types">25.3.2.6. Image Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#miscellaneous-widgets">25.3.2.7. Miscellaneous Widgets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#form-geometry-manager">25.3.2.8. Form Geometry Manager</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.tix.html#tix-commands">25.3.3. Tix Commands</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tkinter.scrolledtext.html">25.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tkinter.scrolledtext</span></code> — Scrolled Text Widget</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html">25.5. IDLE</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#menus">25.5.1. Menus</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#file-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.1. File menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#edit-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.2. Edit menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#format-menu-editor-window-only">25.5.1.3. Format menu (Editor window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#run-menu-editor-window-only">25.5.1.4. Run menu (Editor window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#shell-menu-shell-window-only">25.5.1.5. Shell menu (Shell window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#debug-menu-shell-window-only">25.5.1.6. Debug menu (Shell window only)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#options-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.7. Options menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#window-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.8. Window menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#help-menu-shell-and-editor">25.5.1.9. Help menu (Shell and Editor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#context-menus">25.5.1.10. Context Menus</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#editing-and-navigation">25.5.2. Editing and navigation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#automatic-indentation">25.5.2.1. Automatic indentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#completions">25.5.2.2. Completions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#calltips">25.5.2.3. Calltips</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#python-shell-window">25.5.2.4. Python Shell window</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#text-colors">25.5.2.5. Text colors</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#startup-and-code-execution">25.5.3. Startup and code execution</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#command-line-usage">25.5.3.1. Command line usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#startup-failure">25.5.3.2. Startup failure</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#idle-console-differences">25.5.3.3. IDLE-console differences</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#developing-tkinter-applications">25.5.3.4. Developing tkinter applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#running-without-a-subprocess">25.5.3.5. Running without a subprocess</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#help-and-preferences">25.5.4. Help and preferences</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#additional-help-sources">25.5.4.1. Additional help sources</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#setting-preferences">25.5.4.2. Setting preferences</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="idle.html#extensions">25.5.4.3. Extensions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="othergui.html">25.6. Other Graphical User Interface Packages</a></li>
</ul>
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