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"""
maxminddb.decoder
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This package contains code for decoding the MaxMind DB data section.
"""
import struct
from typing import cast, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
try:
# pylint: disable=unused-import
import mmap
except ImportError:
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
mmap = None # type: ignore
from maxminddb.errors import InvalidDatabaseError
from maxminddb.file import FileBuffer
from maxminddb.types import Record
class Decoder: # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
"""Decoder for the data section of the MaxMind DB"""
def __init__(
self,
database_buffer: Union[FileBuffer, "mmap.mmap", bytes],
pointer_base: int = 0,
pointer_test: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""Created a Decoder for a MaxMind DB
Arguments:
database_buffer -- an mmap'd MaxMind DB file.
pointer_base -- the base number to use when decoding a pointer
pointer_test -- used for internal unit testing of pointer code
"""
self._pointer_test = pointer_test
self._buffer = database_buffer
self._pointer_base = pointer_base
def _decode_array(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[List[Record], int]:
array = []
for _ in range(size):
(value, offset) = self.decode(offset)
array.append(value)
return array, offset
def _decode_boolean(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[bool, int]:
return size != 0, offset
def _decode_bytes(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[bytes, int]:
new_offset = offset + size
return self._buffer[offset:new_offset], new_offset
def _decode_double(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[float, int]:
self._verify_size(size, 8)
new_offset = offset + size
packed_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
(value,) = struct.unpack(b"!d", packed_bytes)
return value, new_offset
def _decode_float(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[float, int]:
self._verify_size(size, 4)
new_offset = offset + size
packed_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
(value,) = struct.unpack(b"!f", packed_bytes)
return value, new_offset
def _decode_int32(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
if size == 0:
return 0, offset
new_offset = offset + size
packed_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
if size != 4:
packed_bytes = packed_bytes.rjust(4, b"\x00")
(value,) = struct.unpack(b"!i", packed_bytes)
return value, new_offset
def _decode_map(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Record], int]:
container: Dict[str, Record] = {}
for _ in range(size):
(key, offset) = self.decode(offset)
(value, offset) = self.decode(offset)
container[cast(str, key)] = value
return container, offset
def _decode_pointer(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[Record, int]:
pointer_size = (size >> 3) + 1
buf = self._buffer[offset : offset + pointer_size]
new_offset = offset + pointer_size
if pointer_size == 1:
buf = bytes([size & 0x7]) + buf
pointer = struct.unpack(b"!H", buf)[0] + self._pointer_base
elif pointer_size == 2:
buf = b"\x00" + bytes([size & 0x7]) + buf
pointer = struct.unpack(b"!I", buf)[0] + 2048 + self._pointer_base
elif pointer_size == 3:
buf = bytes([size & 0x7]) + buf
pointer = struct.unpack(b"!I", buf)[0] + 526336 + self._pointer_base
else:
pointer = struct.unpack(b"!I", buf)[0] + self._pointer_base
if self._pointer_test:
return pointer, new_offset
(value, _) = self.decode(pointer)
return value, new_offset
def _decode_uint(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
new_offset = offset + size
uint_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
return int.from_bytes(uint_bytes, "big"), new_offset
def _decode_utf8_string(self, size: int, offset: int) -> Tuple[str, int]:
new_offset = offset + size
return self._buffer[offset:new_offset].decode("utf-8"), new_offset
_type_decoder = {
1: _decode_pointer,
2: _decode_utf8_string,
3: _decode_double,
4: _decode_bytes,
5: _decode_uint, # uint16
6: _decode_uint, # uint32
7: _decode_map,
8: _decode_int32,
9: _decode_uint, # uint64
10: _decode_uint, # uint128
11: _decode_array,
14: _decode_boolean,
15: _decode_float,
}
def decode(self, offset: int) -> Tuple[Record, int]:
"""Decode a section of the data section starting at offset
Arguments:
offset -- the location of the data structure to decode
"""
new_offset = offset + 1
ctrl_byte = self._buffer[offset]
type_num = ctrl_byte >> 5
# Extended type
if not type_num:
(type_num, new_offset) = self._read_extended(new_offset)
try:
decoder = self._type_decoder[type_num]
except KeyError as ex:
raise InvalidDatabaseError(
f"Unexpected type number ({type_num}) encountered"
) from ex
(size, new_offset) = self._size_from_ctrl_byte(ctrl_byte, new_offset, type_num)
return decoder(self, size, new_offset)
def _read_extended(self, offset: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
next_byte = self._buffer[offset]
type_num = next_byte + 7
if type_num < 7:
raise InvalidDatabaseError(
"Something went horribly wrong in the decoder. An "
f"extended type resolved to a type number < 8 ({type_num})"
)
return type_num, offset + 1
@staticmethod
def _verify_size(expected: int, actual: int) -> None:
if expected != actual:
raise InvalidDatabaseError(
"The MaxMind DB file's data section contains bad data "
"(unknown data type or corrupt data)"
)
def _size_from_ctrl_byte(
self, ctrl_byte: int, offset: int, type_num: int
) -> Tuple[int, int]:
size = ctrl_byte & 0x1F
if type_num == 1 or size < 29:
return size, offset
if size == 29:
size = 29 + self._buffer[offset]
return size, offset + 1
# Using unpack rather than int_from_bytes as it is faster
# here and below.
if size == 30:
new_offset = offset + 2
size_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
size = 285 + struct.unpack(b"!H", size_bytes)[0]
return size, new_offset
new_offset = offset + 3
size_bytes = self._buffer[offset:new_offset]
size = struct.unpack(b"!I", b"\x00" + size_bytes)[0] + 65821
return size, new_offset